John Steinbeck
John Steinbeck III was an American writer. He wrote the Pulitzer Prize-winning
novel The Grapes of Wrath, published in 1939 and the novella Of Mice and Men,
published in 1937. In all, he wrote twenty-five books, including sixteen novels,
six non-fiction books and several collections of short stories.
In 1962 Steinbeck received the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Steinbeck grew up in the Salinas Valley region of California, a culturally
diverse place of rich migratory and immigrant history. This upbringing imparted
a regionalistic flavor to his writing, giving many of his works a distinct sense
of place.
Steinbeck moved briefly to New York City, but soon returned home to California
to begin his career as a writer. Most of his earlier work dealt with subjects
familiar to him from his formative years. An exception was his first novel Cup
of Gold which concerns the pirate Henry Morgan, whose adventures had captured
Steinbeck's imagination as a child.
In his subsequent novels, Steinbeck found a more authentic voice by drawing upon
direct memories of his life in California. Later he used real historical
conditions and events in the first half of 20th century America, which he had
experienced first-hand as a reporter.
Steinbeck often populated his stories with struggling characters; his works
examined the lives of the working class and migrant workers during the Dust Bowl
and the Great Depression. His later body of work reflected his wide range of
interests, including marine biology, politics, religion, history, and mythology.
One of his last published works was Travels with Charley, a travelogue of a road
trip he took in 1960 to rediscover America. He died in 1968 in New York of a
heart attack and his ashes are interred in Salinas.
Seventeen of his works, including The Grapes of Wrath (1940), Cannery Row
(1945), The Pearl (1947), and East of Eden (1952), went on to become Hollywood
films, and Steinbeck also achieved success as a Hollywood writer, receiving an
Academy Award nomination for Best Story in 1944 for Alfred Hitchcock's Lifeboat.